Thoracale pijn
THORACALE PIJN
DIFFERENTIAALDIAGNOSE
De differentiaaldiagnose van thoracale pijn is uitgebreid en vaak moeilijk op basis van de kliniek te stellen
Cardiovasculair
acute cardiale ischemie
acute pericarditis
aortadissectie
kleplijden
Gastro-intestinaal
oesofageale reflux
galkolieken
gastritis
maagzweren
oesofagale ruptuur
Longen
longembolen
pleuritis
pulmonale hypertensie
pneumothorax
pneumonie
Andere
muskuloskeletaal
herpes zoster
functioneel
Coronair vaatlijden
Risicofactoren:
man >40j
vrouw >55j (postmenopausaal)
hypercholesterolemie
hypertriglyceridemie
hypertensie
familiale belasting
diabetes
roken
klinisch beeld:
angst
kortademig
drukkend gevoel:
versmachtende pijn
uitstraling naar arm en/of kaak
hartritme
tachycard
bradycard
zweten
nausea, braken
Tekens van congestief hartfalen
opgezette halsvenen
perifeer oedeem
longoedeem
Aorta dissectie
risicofactoren:
hypertensie
bindweefselziekten
zwangerschap
familiale belasting
kleplijden
ouderdom
klinisch beeld:
plots ontstane and pijn met maximale intensiteit
scheurende pijn
uitstraling naar rug
hypertensie
verschillen in pulsaties vd liezen/benen
neurologische afwijkingen
Longembolen
Risicofactoren
tumoren
zwangerschap en postpartum
orale contraceptiva
postoperatief
immobilisatie
familiale belasting
antitrombine 3
deficiëntie van
proteïne S
proteïnde C
factor 5
ouderdom
trauma
klinisch beeld
pleurale pijn
kortademigheid
angst
zweten
tachycardie
lage koorts
gelocaliseerde crepitaties
wheezing
soms hemoptoee
Acute pericarditis
Risicofactoren
trauma
tumoren
collageen vaatlijden
anticoagulantia
recent myocardinfarct
anticoagulantia
medicatie
recente virusinfectie
uremie
Klinisch beeld
retrosternale pijn met als eigenschappen:
varieert met ademhaling
neemt af bij voorover buigen
neemt toe bij plat liggen
angst
geen eetlust
koorts
pericardiaal wrijfgeruis
Anamnese bij thoracale pijn
duur van de pijn
locatie van de pijn
retrosternaal
substernaal
diffuus
frequentie
constant
intermittent
plots ontstaan
uitlokkende factoren
inspanning
stress
eten
ademhalen
bewegen
aard van de pijn
brandend
beklemmend
vaag
scherp
scheurend
zwaar gevoel
geassocieerde symptomen
kortademigheid
zweten
nausea, braken
palpitaties
zwaktegevoel
vermoeidheid
pijn elders:
kaak
rug
uitstraling
ECG
cardiale ischemie
sensitiviteit voor AMI is < 40%
verdachte tekenen:
T-top inversie
ST-inversie
nieuw ontstane bundeltackblok
belangrijk is
vergelijken met oude ECG's
series van ECG's
Longembolen:
vooral veranderingen in
S1
T3
Q3
sinustachycardie bij <50%
Aortadissectie
soms beeld van inferior AMI door dissectie vd rechter coronair
Acute pericarditis
diffuse ST elevaties
gevolgd door T top inversie behalve in V1
PR depressie
Laboratoriumresultaten:
Troponine T of I, CK en CK-MB
Hoog predictieve waarde als +
Als initieel - is AMI niet uitgesloten
Herhaalde metingen nodig
D-Dimeren
sensitief maar niet specifiek
serum lipase
acute pancreatitis
Echocardio
Beste onderzoek voor:
hartkleppen
pericard
vullingstoestand
nuttig bij aortadissectie
wanneer bij echocardiografie denken aan longembolen?
rechter ventrikel dilatatie en hypokinesie
Stress ecg
bij patiënten met negatieve enzymes
CT-thorax
wat kunnen we zien?
aortadissectie
longembolen
Ventilatie/perfusiescan
voor longembolen
Angiografie
voor dissectie
MRI
voor opvolging stabiele dissecties of aneurysmas
Eerste opvang
ABC
IV lijn
O2
monitoring
pijnstilling
Medicatie
op indicatie
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